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What is the comparative effectiveness of prescribing continuous LTOT in COPD that targets fixed oxygen flow rates vs. oxygen saturation on patient-reported outcomes (symptom frequency, activities of daily living, quality of life, sleep quality, exacerbations)?

Clinical disease manifestations in individuals and families where bicuspid aortic valve is present may best be described as a spectrum, with considerable variability in presentation. Patients and families would benefit from an individualized approach, which does include familial medical history, but couples that information with current best understanding of BAV, considering both variations and risks.

Self-report data indicate that insufficient sleep is more common in minority populations. This seems to be related to socioeconomic status. There is a need to move this beyond self-report and obtain objective measures in the relevant populations. Moreover, the basis of this difference needs to be established. What aspect of the environment leads to these differences, e.g., noise, stress related to sense of vulnerability, ...more »

Can mechanical devices be developed that improved chest compression and augment blood flow during CPR compared to manual CPR?

Cell therapies are produced in specialized facilities and the viability/function of the cells must be retained in order to permit transportation to the site of use, coordination with patient care, etc. Current options for preserving cells are limited. Conventional methods of cryopreservation may result in poor post thaw function and are difficult to use at the point of care. Liquid storage of cells is typically limited ...more »

What are the genetic risk factors for sudden cardiac death and failure to respond to CPR and defibrillation?

Can we identify biomarkers that can predict sickle cell disease severity?

At least two thirds of US adults use the internet to access health information. The accuracy and quality of health and science information found on news media websites, corporate websites of the healthcare industry, blogs of healthcare providers and social media networks varies widely. Nevertheless, this information can have a profound influence on the healthcare-related decision-making of patients. The anti-vaccination ...more »

Current stem cell based approaches to translational medicine predominantly show modest efficacy. Most research rest on accepting existing limitations and focusing upon "tweaks" to the experimental model rather than taking on important barriers head on. The efficacy of stem cell-based regenerative medicine will never be fully realized unless we stop trying overly simplistic approaches such as"more is better" and start ...more »

Is there a risk-based framework for evaluating the blood donor selection process, to capture relevant risk factors for transfusion-transmitted diseases, while modifying policies that do not contribute to transfusion safety?

Although lipidomics research is a growing field of major importance for human health, I have not seen any grant opportunities where it is a focus. This is particularly the case for human/translational research. For example, although some metabolites of fatty acids have been shown in basic science research to be 1000 times more beneficial health than the fatty acids themselves, why is there what appears to be little interest? ...more »

What are the metrics that can predict success of clinical trials?