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We have done the best we can to mimic the human internal environment in vitro for the discovery, testing, and validation of therapeutics, but there is a critical need to do better. The use of more complex cell-based in vitro models is the result of the recognition of how little predictive power there is in current experimental conditions, even with animal models. With an in vitro environment that goes beyond temperature ...more »

Human health and disease are modulated by complex and inter-connected dynamic processes. With particular significance, a well-balanced immune environment may play a key role in maintaining health and preventing the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Defining the dynamic programming and balance of immune environment will be the key for combinatorial therapies to reset homeostasis.

Are dietary fruits and vegetables, particularly leafy greens, protective against cardiovascular disease due to their ability to increase bioavailability of nitric oxide?

What is the role of cellular senescence in age-related lung disease? Do environmental factors, including smoking, contribute to the pathogenesis of lung disease through their ability to induce premature senescence? Does the accumulation of senescent cells in distal organs contribute to age-related lung disease through systemic inflammation?

How can we create precision diagnostics for COPD in practice settings that will help inform the transition from screening to better diagnosis and treatment strategies and that will help identify patients or communities at highest risk for unrecognized or over diagnosed COPD.

What approaches can help leverage the emerging big data in health and health care for observational and interventional implementation research in heart, lung, blood, sleep diseases?

What is the impact of total body ischemia and reperfusion on coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial function?

Heart rate regulation is emerging as an effective treatment for heart failure and angina. However a critical challenge in the development of new therapeutics is the paucity of information about molecular and cellular determinants of heart rate.

Do the etiology and vascular pathology of macrovascular disease differ in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

What is the nature of, and what are the best treatments for, heart failure in COPD?

There is growing evidence that sleep durations are progressively declining in the United States. Moreover, sleep durations are different at different ages and in different ethnic groups. Currently definitions of normal are based on consensus since there is a lack of key data. Defining normal as with FEV1 is a critical step.

Venous pressure, being very low, distends (deforms) the ventricle - but due to elastic or viscous law of deformation? Elastic deformation depends on stress (pressure) only and the viscous one - on stress and time. When pressures are low you can't get large distention due to stress only (time-independent) unlike the case when you apply low stress and long time interval. If we want to use venous pressure as one of regulators ...more »