What are the critical mechanisms that account for progression from reversible to irreversible ischemia and reperfusion injury?
Can we manipulate the microbiome to modify disease?
Critical Challenge
We need to understand sleep and circadian disorders at a more mechanistic level. This applies to both the pathogenesis of these disorders and to their impact on health. New neurobiological and molecular tools facilitate this research. The focus needs to be not only in brain but also the impact of these disorders on future of peripheral organs. The elucidation of the fundamental functions of sleep and the impact of ...more »
Effect of adenotonsillectomy on behavioral and cardiovascular outcomes in children with primary snoring
Baby boys and girls can respond quite differently to replacement lung surfactants given in response to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. There are also variations in efficacy between babies of different races, in addition to the generally increased risk of NRDS in minority populations overall to lack of prenatal care or access to neonatal intensive care units. Increasing the availability of surfactant treatment ...more »
Despite major advances in supportive care and tissue typing non relapse mortality rates for adults undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation are still between 15-20 % at 2 years. Lung injury and respiratory failure is a major causes of death after HCT. Although the BMT-CTN has a focused agenda on GVHD, reduction of lung toxicities will be important to improve outcomes. NHLBI should encourage researched from the ...more »
Cancer of the heart is almost unheard of, whereas most other organs can develop cancer. Why is this?
There is a need for an observational registry of new-onset post-operative atrial fibrillation (AF) patients to better understand the mechanisms of post-operative AF and allow clinicians to define patient-specific AF phenotypes and treatments. The registry’s information and infrastructure could be used to develop and conduct clinical trials that provide strong evidence for guidelines in treating this common problem.
Considering the dearth of research on gender differences, NHLBI should expand the portfolio of opportunities available for studies in this area.
Respiratory failure in sepsis is almost universal and leads to worse clinical outcomes, yet it is poorly understood. Recent epidemics of pulmonary failure from respiratory viruses (e.g. influenza, SARS, MERS, etc) makes understanding molecular determinants of respiratory failure and the associated inflammatory and physiologic responses, critical for improving the health of our nation and potentially mitigating future ...more »
Lack of data integration in the congenital heart disease research community is inhibiting low cost, research opportunities.