There is a need to establish markers that are predictive of future trainee success.

Can we improve the thresholds for defining hypertension in children and adolescents based on risks for future adverse cardiovascular sequelae? In addition, can we to better understand how early identification of hypertension impacts long term health outcomes?

How can methods and metrics capable of conducting high quality T4 research be developed to accurately capture outcomes and the overall impact new T4 knowledge has on population health for heart, lung, blood, sleep diseases and disorders?

What is the comparative effectiveness of using symptoms vs. spirometry in increasing patient and provider adherence to COPD treatment guidelines and patient-reported outcomes (symptom frequency, activities of daily living, quality of life, sleep quality, exacerbations)?

Current costs for multicenter randomized or non randomized trials are astronomical, and a major obstacle to rapid implementation of potential lifesaving discoveries. In the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) their is a federal mandate to have a treatment outcome registry. Funds should be made available to leverage that registry to perform prospective trials either randomized or not since HCT programs need ...more »

The lack of large-scale data sources that provide a) detailed clinical phenotyping; b) longitudinal assessment of independent variables (incident events, medications, testing); c) collection of a broad range of outcomes, including patient-reported outcomes including health status.

Does use of periodic and automatic multidisciplinary team consultation improve care and health outcomes of patients with COPD?

What ICU organizational factors, such as staffing, protocols, or telemedicine, best facilitate adherence to evidence-based practices and improve patient outcomes?

What is the comparative effectiveness of prescribing continuous LTOT in COPD that targets fixed oxygen flow rates vs. oxygen saturation on patient-reported outcomes (symptom frequency, activities of daily living, quality of life, sleep quality, exacerbations)?

What is the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in reducing hospital admissions and readmissions, improving health outcomes such as exercise tolerance and dyspnea, and positively impacting patient centered outcomes. Does this effectiveness vary based on the types of settings rehab is conducted in, urban vs rural environments, the components to the program, the timing of the program and the overall support ...more »

What types of newer patient-centered quality of life assessment tools can be employed in heart, lung, blood and sleep studies so that they can be validated and refined to improve our measurement of quality of life outcomes in populations of interest to NHLBI?

What is the comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of counseling plus nicotine replacement vs. counseling plus bupropion vs. counseling plus varenicline on smoking cessation rates, patient-reported outcomes (symptom frequency, activities of daily living, quality of life, sleep quality, exacerbations), and COPD and non-COPD morbidity/mortality?