• Provide new knowledge for implementing strategies that will tackle inequities
• Provides opportunity to create multidiscipline research communities focused on health inequities
• Will gain momentum from federal and national implementation institutions to promote effective interventions to address health inequities

• Capitalizing on new methods, metrics and tapping big data could provide a promising platform to use systems science to better understand the barriers to eliminating health inequities in a short timeframe
• Identifying barriers will allow investigators to devise innovative implementation strategies that can reduce health inequities
• NHLBI could encourage communities of researchers to use team science to both identify barriers and link with other teams to implement strategies to reduce and eliminate barriers
• Established NHLBI health inequities Think Tank and space for developing innovative strategies to address health inequities.

Population based and epidemiological studies have identified segments of population that are resistant or susceptible to obesity and cardiovascular risks. Continued research is needed to identify additional such populations and their differences. Moreover, the next phase of research could be to understand the basis for this relative resistance or vulnerabilities, and exploit the information to improve obesity and cardiovascular disease risk at a community level.

Moving forward, strategies are needed that don’t yield only incremental benefits, but instead emphasize ‘high risk, high impact’ research to some extent. Given the enormous public health crisis obesity represents we urge continued support of basic, clinical, population, and translational obesity research.

• Ability to determine how much of an evidence based intervention can be sustained in real world settings.
• Add utilization of D&I frameworks to researcher’s core competency training skills.
• Promote long term sustainability of evidence based interventions.

• Researchers from the 2014 NIH’s Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation: Transforming Health Systems to Optimize Individual and Population Health presented compelling evidence that dissemination and implementation frameworks are an effective means to scaling up evidence based interventions.

The grant submission process involves increasingly sophisticated administrative mechanics that many of these institutions do not have the resources to systematically or efficiently support with the requisite grant submissions and administration staff. For example, many challenges exist in putting together complex budgets with subcontracts, completing some (all) of the forms for on-line submission with increasing numbers of new RFA specific required documents, and recognizing the amount of time required to complete the submission process given the increasing number of previously not required mandates. In non-research-intensive institutions, there may be limited or no administrative support for these purely mechanical procedures, and additional training and resources are needed to support the increasingly complex grant process.