Individuals differ substantially in their physiological, health, behavioral and cognitive responses to sleep loss. Although these differences represent a trait, individuals who are vulnerable in one domain may be resilient in another - few systematic relationships between physiological, long-term health, cognitive and subjective responses to sleep loss have been found. Moreover, within a given domain, vulnerability to... more »

What are the hits/triggers that occur early in life that predispose to lung disease later in life?

A number of cities(e.g Berkeley), states and countries (e.g Mexico's SSB tax, Chiles SSB and soon marketing controls and food package front of package label) will go into effect. Rigorous evaluations of the efforts will provide some sense of their potential to effect food purchase and dietary pattern and ultimately cardiometaboiic changes. Serious rigorous independent evaluations are needed to learn if these options--pushed... more »

How does inflammation and cell injury induce the immune system during transplant rejection? How do we control immune responses to enable cell- and tissue-regenerative strategies?
• How does inflammation and cell injury induce the immune system during transplant rejection?
• How do we control immune responses to enable cell and tissue regenerative strategies?
• How do we use iPS cell based and gene editing based therapies... more »

What are the unknown elements of the human virome, and what host-virome interactions affect the heart, lung, and blood health and diseases?

A major challenge has been the need for in vitro culture systems and animal models for studying the virome, which is a significant limitation that has forced current studies of the virome to be mostly descriptive. NHLBI has supported one research group to identify human virome and... more »

There is a pervasive view of glycobiology as a niche field that does not warrant significant attention. This is borne out of a profound ignorance. It is not an exaggeration to state that carbohydrates are just as important as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Dismissing the impact of glycans is like stating that proteins are not very important to biology, and their importance is seen in the lethality of many mutations... more »

What are the molecular and cellular responses in the lung that occur after environmental stimuli that predict homeostatic resilience or transition to disease, disorder, or aging?

The need for sophisticated analytic methods to address multidimensional data to facilitate the development of predictive models.

To maintain cardiac health and prevent disease, there is a need to decipher the cardiome of cells and genes and use this knowledge (1) to better understand cardiac structure and function and (2) to engineer systems on the level of organs, organ systems, and the entire individual.

There is a need to employ new molecular tools to delineate the difference between beneficial and uncontrolled shock-induced hypothermia, because data on hypothermia and hemostasis are incomplete or lacking, especially on the duration, depth and type of hypothermia.

 

availability of targeted resource grant funding

What causes blood clotting in the lungs, and what are its side effects?

What are the biological, environmental, social and economic determinants of health in rural areas related to COPD and other lung disease.

What is the role of health disparities in sleep and circadian health development?

Here's an article on the "Mincome" program which Canada tested in the 1970's in a small town:

http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/4100

It had many positive effects on people's lives and health.

Quotes:

'In the period that Mincome was administered, hospital visits dropped 8.5 per cent.'

[...]

'“When you walk around a hospital, it's pretty clear that a lot of the time what we're treating are the consequences of poverty,”... more »

What are the long-term health outcomes on victims and/or family members whose male children have been victimized or murdered during encounters with police officers?